I have a freind here in Sweden that use to hunt Moose with his 458 WM loaded with Hornady 350 grains RN to 2100 fps. He has shoot 8 moose with that load at a range of 100 to 160 yards. All of those got down of one bullet. If the bullet hit a bone it didn�t penetrate out, but if not it allways disappear in the forest. The bullet expand to near one inch, but if he let it go faster the bullet don�t holds together.

He don�t like Speer 350 grains becourse of smaller expand. I think that the Hornady 350 grains bullet hit the moose at around 1700 fps. So, if I like to push a 350 grains bullet faster I need to choose another bullet I think. Here in Sweden they did a test about killing power of different calibers on Moose. The winner was 9.3x57 with 285 grains bullet at 2060 fps meassured at the barrel. They had no bigger caliber in that test, but they compared with 9.3x62 with the same bullet at 2362 fps too.

All Moose hit of the 9.3x57 died within 30 meters area, most on the place there they had been shoot. This caliber don�t outpenetrate if it hit a bone, but the bullet is allways inside of the skin on other side.

I also know a friend who have shoot 7 Moose with his 45-70 loaded with a 400 grains flatpoint Woodleigh at 1968 fps meassured at the barrel (62 grains Norma 202) and a Marlin Model 1895. The bullet expand to near one inch and allways outpenetrate if it not hit a bone. All of his Moose died on the place their they had been shoot.

Maybe this is true, that a bullet at at 2000 fps kill better than a bullet at 2400 fps if the bullet are maded to expand at that velocity. But one thing is true anyway, we must allways hit the target on the right place, don�t matter if the caliber is big or small.

I a artikel some years ago I read about a test of 450-400 Martin Henry. They tried to hunt with that caliber in Africa loaded with Blackpowder and cast bullets. 500 grains bullet at 1350 fps from 85 grains of blackpowder. First they shoot a pig, and he died direct. The bullet outpenetrate offcourse. The second animal was a big Cudu (or what they call it, bigger than a milkcow). They hit him in the throat at 80 yards. They found the bullet in his tail one feet in. All the bullets where maded from soft lead. When they hunted buffalo they used hard lead. They where very impressed of that old blackpowder cartridges killingpower. I don�t remember if they killed any elphant, but I remember that they killed buffalo and had outpenetrated bullets on that too.

By the way. I like to show some testing of rifles from the factory.
Pedersoli Sharps 45-70: 2000 bar = 29.007 PSI
Pedersoli Rolling Block 45-70: 1241 bar = 18.000 PSI
Armi Sports Sharps 45-70: 2.860 bar = 41.470 PSI
Uberti Highwall 45-70: 3.220 bar = 46.690 PSI

The 45-120, 45-110, 45-100 and 45-90 are tested at lower pressure than 45-70 from all factories.

Best regards
Karl-Erik