http://www.plosone.org/search/simple? from=globalSimpleSearch&filterJournals=PLoSONE&query=journal.pone.0109698&x=0&y=0

Abstract:
The amount of wounding during routine culling is an important factor in the welfare of wild deer. Little information exists on factors determining shooting accuracy and wounding rates under field conditions in the UK. In this study, 102 anonymous stalkers collected data on the outcomes and circumstances of 2281 shots. Using hot-deck imputation and generalised linear mixed modelling, we related the probability that a shot hit its target, and the probability that the shot killed the deer if it was hit, to 28 variables describing the circumstances of the shot. Overall, 96% of deer were hit, of which 93% were killed outright. A reduced probability of hitting the target was associated with an uncomfortable firing position, too little time available, shooting off elbows or freehand, taking the head or upper neck as point of aim, a heavily obscured target, a distant target, shooting at females, lack of shooting practice and a basic (or no) stalker qualification. An increase in the likelihood of wounding was associated with an uncomfortable firing position, shooting with insufficient time, a distant target (only when time was not sufficient), a bullet weight below 75 grains, a target concealed in thicket or on the move and an area rarely stalked. To maximise stalking success and deer welfare, we recommend that stalkers ensure a comfortable firing position, use a gun rest, aim at the chest, use bullets heavier than 75 grains, avoid taking a rushed shot, shoot a distant animal only if there is plenty of time, fire only when the target is stationary, avoid shooting at an obscured animal, take care when the ground is unfamiliar, and do shooting practice at least once a month. The high miss rate of basic-level stalkers suggests that training should include additional firing practice under realistic shooting conditions.

Yes its a good study. Practice and a good rest for the rifle seems to be posible to improve. The low killing rate for light bullets is maybee the use of varmint bullets. In scandinavia 50gr bullets are allowed for roe deer and they work well then they are designed for what job.

That's an interesting report, and agreed that most issues come from inexperience, and bullet failure.

I think in Scandinavia there is a lot more small game (non vermin) hunting with the 22 CF calibers than we have in the uk. There may be a more suitable choice of ammunition for light weight deer use. Most light weight bullets sold in the uk are designed for use on foxes/vermin and I really don't think they are suitable for deer stalking especially for the bigger species.

I'm always surprised when I have people tell me that a 22-250 is perfect for Sika and Reds.

K

To think of a few suitable heads in 22cf there's Sierra Game King,Norma Oryx,Nosler Partition.
The 22-250 was all we were allowed here for a long time. It doesn't recoil much and is inherently an accurate round. Shot plenty of Sika and Fallow with it
I can't speak for it on reds as I have never shot a red in this country.

For the bigger species we have the same cartridge limit as for moose and bear 154gr bullet 2000j. I think we should have a in between limit for fallow deer, seal, wolf as finland has 100gr bullet 2000j.

Here in US, we have problem of too many hunters take too long of a shots
Ever since all these magnums cartridges.
No one seems to wanna try to get close.