My 44 mag seating die leaves the horizontal band on the case at the bottom of the bullet.
The case seems to get stuck in the die right at the last moment of seating the bullet. It is hard to release the case from the die after seating.

Why are my cases bulging like that?

It has to do with the bullet.

I seated a sierra 300 grain bullet and it fit fine at the cannelure but when I seated it deeper it got stuck too.

If I was not concerned about crimping in the cannelure I would not have a problem as the nosler bullet will seat just to the bottom of the cannelure. I dont know if this would be a problem with a redding profile crimp die.

I have to have short OAL to fit a Taurus tracker.

Make sure you got the proper bell on the case, if the bullet does not go in straight the bullet will bulge on one side. This usually happens with too much of a bell in the case mouth.

If the seater die is set to provide too much crimp it will try to push the already crimped bullet farther down into the case, thus bulging it. I would back the die off 1/8-1/4 turn, re-adjust for seating depth and try again. Especially since you say it is at the last little bit.

Try seating and crimping in two separate steps.

It is really hard to see the crimp in the picture but that is my guess too, WAY too much crimp. Enough to crush the case.

It is not crimping the bullet as I have tried the die seated way out with the bullet seater way in and it still happens.

The belling step seems to be fine as the bullets are easy to start and the bulge is all the way around very evenly.

I can seat the bullets just fine if I dont put them so far into the case.

Will a Redding profile crimp work if it is not on the cannelure?

I will try another guess! The size die is sizing the case too much down to the rim and the bullet is the only thing expanding the brass to the base of the bullet.
Try just neck sizing to just below the bullet base and see what they look like. This only works with a carbide or TIN die.
It looks like you are using a carbide die that is too small.
Another thing might be that your brass is thicker near the bullet base then other brass is.
I have seated long, heavy boolits as large as .434" without seeing that large a bulge and they chamber in my guns.